The area of study is located in the Bieszczady Mountains, part of the Carpathian Range in southeastern Poland which borders the Ukraine and Slovakia. It is a region of unique history and ecology.

In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries Poles, Jews, Lemks, Boyks and Ukraines inhabited the region. There was extensive fighting in this area during the Second World War.

After the war, when the Polish countryside fell under the domination of the Soviet Union, Stalin ordered the entire population to be removed.

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